Allergies from the Greek: Allos – other + Ergon – action.

Allergy – a state of heightened sensitivity of the living organism, with respect to a particular substance or substances (allergens) that develops with repeated exposures. Physiological mechanism of allergy involves the formation of antibodies that leads to a decrease or increase its sensitivity. Allergy is manifested in severe irritation of mucous membranes, skin sypyami, general malaise, etc.

Allergic disease is the overreaction of the body in response to exposure to environmental factors that are taken to them for potentially dangerous (even if in reality they are not such). Naturally, if there is “overreaction” that is, and normal reactions. Normal reaction – the development of normal immune response and kamagra online pharmacy no prescription needed.

The mechanism of the immune response is very complex. It includes the production of antibodies, which are the “defenders” of the body. The task of antibodies – to neutralize the invading organism substances (so-called “antigens”). In theory, any immune response should be successful. But sometimes the immune system is like “exceeding their authority” and lost control, begins to react to a completely harmless substance as dangerous. This loss of control and invokes the destructive overreaction (allergy).

Allergy. Types of allergies (allergic reactions)

The first three types of allergy is acute and therefore more in need of urgent measures.

The basis of the first type of allergy (allergic reaction) is acting mechanism of tissue damage that takes place with the participation usually IgE, less class IgG, on the surface membrane of basophils and mast cells. In the blood released a number of biologically active substances: histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, gsparin, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, leukotrienes, etc., which lead to a breach of the permeability of cell membranes, interstitial edema, smooth muscle spasms, increased secretion. Typical clinical examples of the first type of allergy is anaphylactic shock, bronchial asthma, urticaria, false croup, vasomotor rhinitis.

The second type of allergy (allergic reaction) cytotoxic, flowing with the participation of immunoglobulins G and M, as well as the activation of the complement system, leading to damage to the cell membrane. This type of allergy observed in drug allergy to the development of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, as well as hemolysis during blood transfusions, hemolytic disease of newborns with Rh conflict.

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The third type of allergy (allergic reaction) is linked to tissue damage by immune complexes circulating in the bloodstream, proceeds with the participation of immunoglobulin classes C and M. Damaging action of immune complexes on the tissue occurs through the activation of complement and lysosomal enzymes. This type of allergy develops when exogenous allergic alveolitis, glomerulonephritis, allergic dermatitis, serum sickness, certain types of drug and food allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.

The fourth type of allergy (allergic reaction) – tuberculin, slow – there is a 24-48 hour, proceeds with the participation of sensitized lymphocytes. Characteristic of the infectious-allergic bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, brucellosis and other diseases.

Allergy (allergic reactions) may occur at any age, and their intensity varies. The clinical picture of allergy does not depend on the chemical and pharmacological properties of the allergen, the dose and routes of administration. Often allergy occurs when the re-introduction of the allergen in the body, but there are cases of anaphylactic reactions allergies at the first introduction of antibiotics into the organism without prior sensitization, so caution is needed during the intradermal tests.

Clinical manifestations of allergy differ pronounced polymorphism. The process may involve any tissue and organs. Skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory path more likely to suffer during the development of allergies. Taken to provide immediate allergic reactions and delayed-type, but that division is largely arbitrary. So, urticaria is a form of immediate type allergy, but it can accompany serum sickness as the classical form of delayed-type allergy. Distinguish the following clinical types of allergies: local allergy, allergic toxicoderma, hay fever, asthma, angioedema angioedema, rash, serum sickness, hemolytic crisis, allergic thrombocytopenia, anaphylactic shock. In the prodromal stage of any allergies has been a general malaise, malaise, headache, chills, nausea and sometimes vomiting, shortness of breath, dizziness. In allergy appears itching, burning sensation in the mouth and nose, numbness, nasal congestion, continuous sneezing.

Another important prerequisite for allergization organism and the emergence of allergic reactions by the immune system are intestinal parasites, which secrete into the blood products of their vital functions (toxins) that can cause a variety of allergic diseases.