Preventive therapy of food allergy is aimed at the prevention of allergic inflammation. Recently, progress has been made in the production of which action is directed at the inhibition of secretion of mediators of allergy. For drugs in this group include ketotifen and sodium cromoglycate.
Ketotifen inhibits release of histamine, leukotrienes, serotonin from mast cells and basophils. It also blocks H1 histamine receptors. Inclusion of ketotifen in the treatment complex of the child with food allergies has led since the middle of the second week of treatment to improve the general condition, appetite, motor activity, reduction or disappearance of skin rashes and itching weakening. After 3 months of ketotifen positive result was noted in 84% of children. Certain clinical symptoms in some patients remained in treatment, so the therapy they have been extended to 6-12 months. As shown by clinical observations, prolonged treatment with ketotifen was justified in children with polyvalent allergies and frequent exacerbations.
Cromoglycate for oral use – a drug that prevents allergic reactions at the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Cromoglycate administered patients with skin and gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy, have not seen the positive effect of diet and antihistamines. Cromoglycate was administered in the subacute period and continued to be used in disease remission. Dose was selected according to the child’s age (200-600 mg / day). Course of treatment was on average 1.5 to 6 months. Good effect after treatment cromoglicate noted in 85% of children. On the background of long-term use (3-6 months) 67% of patients could extend the diet and gradually introduce some products had caused their allergic reactions.
To remove the acute manifestations of food allergy use a variety of antihistamines I and II generation. Among the antihistamines I generation is most effective Clemastine, Chloropyramine, mebgidrolin. Difengidrazin and Promethazine in pediatric practice are used less often because of frequent adverse reactions. Doses correspond to the child’s age and the duration of a course of treatment is 7-14 days. The efficacy of antihistamines II generation (terfenadine, loratadine, cetirizine) for treatment of food allergies in children.
Immunomodulatory therapy
One of the areas of food allergy therapy is pharmacological correction of immune system disorders using immunocorrecting preparations to stimulation or inhibition of function of cells involved in immune response. In the therapy of food allergy were used preparations of the thymus, but not too encouraging results obtained. Attempts at immunotherapy food allergens in food allergy has not yet been crowned with considerable success.
Enzymes and eubiotics
To improve the process of splitting the antigenic substances of food, the correction of the enzymatic and dysbiotic violations observed when food allergies, enzymes are used (festal, Panzinorm, mezim-forte, pantsitrat, etc.).
To correct the changes dysbiotic use eubiotics (bifidum-bacterin, baktisubtil, colibacterin lineks) under control study of the intestinal microbiota. So, lineks contains lactobacillus (Lactobacillus acidophilus), Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium infantis) and Streptococcus (Streptococcus faecium), have antagonistic activity against pathogens. Linex use 1-2 capsules 3 times a day, a course of treatment is 5-7 days. These funds are prescribed in the acute and subacute periods of food allergy. The duration of a course of treatment enzyme preparations should not exceed 2-3 weeks. Repeated courses eubiotics with food allergies should be prescribed with caution.
Therapy of cutaneous manifestations
For the relief of acute cutaneous manifestations of food allergy are widely used pharmacologic agents with antihistamine and antiserotoninovoe activity (Clemastine, loratadine, cetirizine, terfenadine, fexofenadine). Also used drugs, whose action is aimed at stopping the processes of secretion of mediators of allergy (ketotifen and sodium cromoglycate). Modern therapy of cutaneous manifestations of food allergy are increasingly includes the use of external drugs containing corticosteroids with high local and low systemic activity. Rational use of topical treatment greatly improves the efficiency of the treatment. Disappearance or reduction of skin rash and symptoms such as itchy skin, pain and burning by means of external therapy favorably affect the psycho-emotional state of the child.
